cheap english horse back riding boots?
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plz help i need new ones im size 5 age 11
I need help finding riding boots!!?
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I live in Metamora Illinois and i need some english riding boots. Does anyone know where to find some good sturdy riding boots under $70.00. Either a store or good internet site? Thanks
What shoes to wear to an English lesson?
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i have always ridden western, so therefore have always used those ‘cowboy’ boots. im not committed enough to buy new english riding boots yet, and they’re no sneakers allowed. What shoes?
Foot Ball or Soccer
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Football is the name given to a number of different, but related, team sports. The most popular of these world-wide is association football (also known as soccer). The English word “football” is also applied to American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby football (rugby union and rugby league), and related games. Each of these codes (specific sets of rules) is to a greater or lesser extent referred to as “football” and sometimes “footy” by its followers.
These games involve:
a large spherical or prolate spheroid ball, which is itself called a football.
a team scoring goals and/or points, by moving the ball to an opposing team’s end of the field and either into a goal area, or over a line.
the goal and/or line being defended by the opposing team.
players being required to move the ball mostly by kicking and — in some codes — carrying and/or passing the ball by hand.
goals and/or points resulting from players putting the ball between two goalposts.
offside rules, in most codes, restricting the movement of players.
in some codes, points are mostly scored by players carrying the ball across the goal line.
in most codes players scoring a goal must put the ball either under or over a crossbar between the goalposts.
players in some codes receiving a free kick after they take a mark/make a fair catch.
Many of the modern games have their origins in England, but many peoples around the world have played games which involved kicking and/or carrying a ball since ancient timesWhile it is widely believed that the word “football” (or “foot ball”) originated in reference to the action of a foot kicking a ball, there is a rival explanation, which has it that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot.[1] These games were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports often played by aristocrats. While there is no conclusive evidence for this explanation, the word football has always implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has even been applied to games which have specifically outlawed kicking the ball
Throughout the history of mankind, the urge to kick at stones and other such objects is thought to have led to many early activities involving kicking and/or running with a ball. Football-like games predate recorded history in all parts of the world, and thus the earliest forms of football are not knownDocumented evidence of what is possibly the oldest activity resembling football can be found in a Chinese military manual written during the Warring States Period in about the 476 BC-221 BC. It describes a practice known as cuju, which involved kicking a leather ball through a hole in a piece of silk cloth strung between two 30 foot poles.
Kemari being played at the Tanzan Shrine, Sakurai, Japan.Another Asian ball-kicking game, which was influenced by cuju, is kemari. This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several people stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game appears to have died out sometime before the mid-19th century. (It was revived in 1903, and it can now be seen played for the benefit of tourists at a number of festivals.)
Mesoamerican ballgames played with rubber balls are also well-documented as existing since before this time, but these had more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football.
The Ancient Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman writer Cicero describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barber’s shop. The Roman game harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a team game known as “επισκυρος” (episkyros) or pheninda that is mentioned by Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388-311BC) and later referred to by Clement of Alexandria. These games appears to have resembled rugby.
There are a number of references to traditional, ancient, and/or prehistoric ball games, played by indigenous peoples in many different parts of the world. For example, in 1586, men from a ship commanded by an English explorer named John Davis, went ashore to play a form of football with Inuit (Eskimo) people in Greenland.[2] There are later accounts of an Inuit game played on ice, called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team’s line and then at a goal. In 1610, William Strachey of the Jamestown settlement, Virginia recorded a game played by Native Americans, called Pahsaheman. In Victoria, Australia, indigenous people played a game called Marn Grook (”ball game”). An 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as saying, in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: “Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it.” It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the development of Australian rules football (see below).
These games and others may well go far back into antiquity and may have influenced later football games. However, the main sources of modern football codes appear to lie in western Europe, especially England.
The Middle Ages saw a huge rise in popularity of annual Shrovetide football matches throughout Europe, particularly in England. The game played in England at this time may have arrived with the Roman occupation, but there is little evidence to indicate this. Reports of a game played in Brittany, Normandy, and Picardy, known as La Soule or Choule, suggest that some of these football games could have arrived in England as a result of the Norman Conquest.
An illustration of mob football.These archaic forms of football, typically classified as “mob football”, would be played between neighbouring towns and villages, involving an unlimited number of players on opposing teams, who would clash in a heaving mass of people struggling to drag an inflated pig’s bladder by any means possible to markers at each end of a town (sometimes instead of markers, the teams would attempt to kick the bladder into the balcony of the opponents’ church). There is no evidence to support the legend that these games in England evolved from a more ancient and bloody ritual of kicking the “Dane’s head”. Shrovetide games have survived into the modern era in a number of English towns (see below).
The first detailed description of football in England was given by William FitzStephen in about 1174-1183. He described the activities of London youths during the annual festival of Shrove Tuesday:
After lunch all the youth of the city go out into the fields to take part in a ball game. The students of each school have their own ball; the workers from each city craft are also carrying their balls. Older citizens, fathers, and wealthy citizens come on horseback to watch their juniors competing, and to relive their own youth vicariously: you can see their inner passions aroused as they watch the action and get caught up in the fun being had by the carefree adolescents.[3]
Most of the very early references to the game speak simply of “ball play” or “playing at ball”. This reinforces the idea that the games played at the time did not necessarily involve a ball being kicked.
In 1314 , Nicholas de Farndone, Lord Mayor of London issued a decree banning football (in the French used by the English upper classes at the time. A translation reads: “[f]orasmuch as there is great noise in the city caused by hustling over large foot balls [rageries de grosses pelotes de pee] in the fields of the public from which many evils might arise which God forbid: we command and forbid on behalf of the king, on pain of imprisonment, such game to be used in the city in the future.” This is the earliest reference to football.
The earliest mention of a ball game that involves kicking was in 1321, in Shouldham, Norfolk: “[d]uring the game at ball as he kicked the ball, a lay friend of his… ran against him and wounded himself”.[4].
In 1363, King Edward III of England issued a proclamation banning “…handball, football, or hockey; coursing and cock-fighting, or other such idle games”, showing that “football” — whatever its exact form in this case — was being differentiated from games involving other parts of the body, such as handball.
King Henry IV of England gives the earliest documented use of the English word “football”, in 1409, when he issued a proclamation forbidding the levying of money for “foteball”.[5]
There is also an account in Latin from the end of the 15th century of football being played at Cawston, Nottinghamshire. This is the first description of a “kicking game” and the first description of dribbling: “[t]he game at which they had met for common recreation is called by some the foot-ball game. It is one in which young men, in country sport, propel a huge ball not by throwing it into the air but by striking it and rolling it along the ground, and that not with their hands but with their feet… kicking in opposite directions” The chronicler gives the earliest reference to a football field, stating that: “[t]he boundaries have been marked and the game had started.[6]
Other firsts in the mediæval and early modern eras:
“a football”, in the sense of a ball rather than a game, was first mentioned in 1486.[7] This reference is in Dame Juliana Berners’ Book of St Albans. It states: “a certain rounde instrument to play with …it is an instrument for the foote and then it is calde in Latyn ‘pila pedalis’, a fotebal.” [8]
a pair of football boots was ordered by King Henry VIII of England in 1526. [9]
women playing a form of football was in 1580, when Sir Philip Sidney described it in one of his poems: “[a] tyme there is for all, my mother often sayes, When she, with skirts tuckt very hy, with girles at football playes.”[10]
the first references to goals are in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. In 1584 and 1602 respectively, John Norden and Richard Carew referred to “goals” in Cornish hurling. Carew described how goals were made: “they pitch two bushes in the ground, some eight or ten foote asunder; and directly against them, ten or twelue [twelve] score off, other twayne in like distance, which they terme their Goales”.[11] He is also the first to describe goalkeepers and passing of the ball between players.
the first direct reference to scoring a goal is in John Day’s play The Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green (performed circa 1600; published 1659): “I’ll play a gole at camp-ball” (an extremely violent variety of football, which was popular in East Anglia). Similarly in a poem in 1613, Michael Drayton refers to “when the Ball to throw, And drive it to the Gole, in squadrons forth they goe”. The word “football”, when used in reference to a specific game can mean any one of those described above. Because of this, much friendly controversy has occurred over the term football, primarily because it is used in different ways in different parts of the English-speaking world. Most often, the word “football” is used to refer to the code of football that is considered dominant within a particular region.
Globally, and not necessarily in native English speaking countries, the word “football” usually refers to association football as this is the most widely played code of football. The name “soccer” (or “soccer football”) was originally a slang abbreviation of association football and is now the prevailing term in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand where other codes of football are dominant.
Of the 45 national FIFA affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, only three (Canada, Samoa and the United States) actually use “soccer” in their organizations’ official names, while the rest use football (although the Samoan Federation actually uses both). However, in some countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, use of the word “football” by soccer bodies is a recent change and has been controversial.
What kind of riding boots should I get since I’m a beginner?
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I just started riding and I want some riding boots. I don’t want any fancy boots. I just want them to be acceptable for any riding situations. Maybe a pair that I can use while riding english and western. Are there any like that???
Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia
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Outline of sports
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Types of sport
Physical sports
Air sports
Lima Lima aerobatics team performing over Louisville.
Main article: Air sports
Aerobatics
Gliding aerobatics
Air racing
Ballooning
Cluster ballooning
Hopper ballooning
Wingsuit flying
Gliding
Hang gliding
Human powered aircraft
Model aircraft
Parachuting
Banzai skydiving
BASE jumping
Skysurfing
Wingsuit flying
Paragliding
Archery
Members of the Gotemba Kyd Association demonstrate Kyd.
Main article: Archery
Clout archery
Field archery
Flight archery
Gungdo
Kyd
Popinjay (sport)
Target archery
Auto racing
Main article: Auto racing
Autocross
Autograss
Banger racing
Board track racing
Combine Racing
Demolition derby
Dirt track racing
Drag racing
Drifting
Folkrace
Formula racing
Formula One
Formula Two
Formula Three
Formula Student
Hillclimbing
Ice racing
Kart racing
Legends car racing
Midget car racing
Off-road racing
Open wheel racing
Pickup truck racing
Production car racing
Rallycross
Rallying
Road racing
Short track motor racing
Slalom
snowmobileracing
Sports car racing
Sprint car racing
Street racing
Stock car racing
Time Attack
Touring car racing
Truck racing
Bat-and-ball
Main article: Bat-and-ball
Baseball - four bases
Bat-and-Trap
British baseball - four posts
Brnnboll - four bases
Corkball - four bases (no base-running)
Cricket - two wickets
Test cricket
First-class cricket
Blind cricket
Catchy Shubby
Club cricket
French cricket
Gilli-danda
Kilikiti
One Day International
Kwik cricket
List A cricket
Pro40
Indoor Cricket
Super Sixes Cricket
Limited overs cricket
Short form cricket
Single Wicket
T-Ball
Twenty20
Lapta - two salos (bases)
The Massachusetts Game - four bases
Mta and longa mta (long mta) - Hungarian game
Oina - One (Two, Three, or Four)
Old Cat - variable
Over-the-line - qv
Pespallo - four bases
Podex
Rounders - four bases or posts
Scrub baseball - four bases (not a team game per se)
Softball - four bases
Stickball - variable
Stool ball - two stools
T-Ball
Town ball - variable
K-Ball
Vigoro - two wickets
Wireball
Wiffleball
Board sports
Main article: Board sports
Sports that are played with some sort of board as the primary equipment.
Skateboard vert jump at the Sprite urban games 2006 in London.
Snowboard figure at the 2008 Shakedown
Surfing in Hawaii
Skateboarding
Casterboarding
Freeboard (skateboard)
Longboarding
Streetboarding
Skysurfing
Streetluge
Snowboarding
Mountainboarding
Sandboarding
Snowkiting
Surfing
Wakesurfing
Bodyboarding
Riverboarding
Skimboarding
Wakeboarding
Kneeboarding
fingerboarding
Boules
Lawn bowler Tim Mason
Main article: Boules
Bocce
Boccia
Boule lyonnaise
Bowls
Curling
Klootschieten
Ptanque
Varpa
Bowling
Main article: Bowling
Candlepin bowling
Duckpin bowling
Five-pin bowling
Skittles (sport)
Ten-pin bowling
Catch games
Curby
Dodgeball
Ga-ga
Prisoner Ball
Yukigassen
Climbing
Canyoning
Main article: Climbing
Rock Climbing
Bouldering
Canyoning (Canyoneering)
Mountaineering
Rope Climbing
Ice Climbing
[[Cheerleading]]
Cycling
A Track Cycling Race
Main article: Cycling
Sports using bicycles or unicycles.
Bicycle
Main article: Bicycle
Artistic cycling
BMX racing
Bobrun cycling
Freestyle BMX
Cyclo-cross
Crosscountry Mountain biking
Road bicycle racing
Track cycling
Downhill Mountain biking
Freeride Mountain biking
Dirt jumping
Slopestyle
Racing Bicycle (The Award of Records Sports)
unicycling
Skibob
Skibobbing
Unicycle
Main article: Unicycle
Mountain unicycling
Unicycle trials
Combat sports
Main article: Combat sports
Main article: Martial Arts
Combat sport is a competitive contact sport where two combatants fight against each other using certain rules of engagement.
Grappling
Aikido
Aiki-jjutsu
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu
Catch wrestling
Glima
Judo
Jujutsu
Kinomichi
Kurash
Malla-yuddha
Mongolian wrestling
Pehlwani
Sambo (martial art)
Shuai Jiao
Ssireum
Sumo
Varzesh-e Pahlavani
Wrestling
Yal Gre
Skirmish
Airsoft
Laser tag
Paintball
Weapons
Battjutsu
Eskrima
Egyptian stick fencing
Fencing
Gatka
Haidong Gumdo
Hojjutsu
Iaid
Iaijutsu
Jd
Jogo do Pau
Jkend
Juttejutsu
Kendo
Kenjutsu
kung fu
Kyd
Kyjutsu
Modern Arnis
Naginatajutsu
Okinawan kobud
Shurikenjutsu
Silambam
Sjutsu
wushu (sport)
Striking
Choi Kwang-Do
Boxing
Bokator
Capoeira
Fujian White Crane
Karate
Kenp
Kickboxing
Lethwei
Muay Thai
Pradal Serey
San shou
Savate
Shaolin kung fu
Sikaran
Silat
Subak
Taekkyeon
Taekwondo
Taido
Wing Chun
Wing Tsun
Zui Quan
Mixed or hybrid
Baguazhang
Bando
Bartitsu
Bujinkan
Hapkido
Hwa Rang Do
Jeet Kune Do
Kajukenbo
Kalarippayattu
Krav Maga
Kuk Sool Won
MCMAP
Mixed martial arts
Northern Praying Mantis
Ninjutsu
Pankration
Pencak Silat
Sanshou
Shidokan
Shoot boxing
Shootfighting
Shorinji Kempo
Systema
Tai chi chuan
Vajra Mushti
Vovinam
Xingyiquan
Yoga
Cue sports
Main article: Cue sports
Carom billiards
Three-cushion
Five-pins
Balkline and straight rail
Cushion caroms
Four-ball (yotsudama)
Artistic billiards
Novuss
Pocket billiards (pool)
Eight-ball
Nine-ball
Straight pool (14.1 continuous)
One-pocket
Three-ball
Seven-ball
Ten-ball
Rotation
Baseball pocket billiards
Cribbage (pool)
Bank pool
Artistic pool
Trick shot competition
Speed pool
Bowlliards
Chicago
Kelly pool
Cutthroat
Killer
Russian pyramid
Snooker
Snooker plus
Hybrid caromocket games
English billiards
Bottle pool
Cowboy
Obstacle variations
Bagatelle
Bar billiards
Bumper pool
Dance
Three ballet dancers performing a grand jet jump
Modern dance
Main article: Outline of dance
Ballet
Ballroom Dancing
Color Guard
Ensemble
Flag Twirling
Flamenco
Hip-hop
Interpretive dance
Jazz
Latin
Lyrical dance
Modern dance
Musical Theatre
Pointe
Poms
Salsa
SloModern
Swing
Tap
Equine Sports
Main article: Equestrianism
Sports using a horse.
Barrel racing
Barrel Racing
Campdrafting
Cross Country
Dressage
Endurance riding
English Pleasure
Equitation
Eventing
Equestrian vaulting
Gymkhana
Harness racing
Horse racing
Horse racing at Arlington Park, 2007
Hunter
Reining
Rodeo
Show Jumping
Steeplechase
Team penning
Tent pegging
Western Pleasure
Fishing
Main article: Fishing
Angling
Big-game fishing
Casting
Noodling
Spearfishing
Sport fishing
Surf fishing
Rock fishing
Flying disc sports
Main article: Flying disc games
Disc dog
Disc golf
Dodge disc
Durango boot
Double disc court
Flutterguts
Freestyle
Fricket, (AKA disc cricket, cups, suzy sticks or crispy wickets)
Friskee
Goaltimate
Guts (sport)
Hot box
Ringo
Ultimate (sport)
Football family
Main article: Football
Association football
Five-a-side football
Australian football
Gaelic football
Gridiron football
American football
Canadian football
Arena football
Six-man football
Eight-man football
Nine-man football
Rugby football
Rugby league
Rugby league sevens
Rugby league nines
Touch Football
Wheelchair rugby league
Rugby union
Rugby sevens
Footvolley
Harrow Football
Haven Ball
Gymnastics
Trampoline gymnast Jason Burnett at 2008 Canadian National Championships
Main article: Gymnastics
Artistic gymnastics
Balance Beam
Floor
High Bar
Parallel Bars
Pommel Horse
Still Rings
Uneven Bars
Vault
Majorette
Competitive rope jumping
Juggling
Rhythmic gymnastics
Sports acrobatics
Tricking
Parkour
Trampolining
Trapeze
Flying trapeze
Static trapeze
Handball Family
Basketball player Dwight Howard making a slam dunk at 2008 Summer Olympic Games
Main article: Team handball
Handball games often have similarities to racquet or catch games.
American handball
Australian Handball
Basketball
European Handball
Field handball
Fistball
Fives
Eton Fives
Rugby Fives
Footvolley
Frisian handball
Four square
Gaelic handball
Goalball
Jeu de paume
Korfball
Netball
Palla
Sepak takraw
Tchoukball
Team handball
Valencian pilota
Volleyball
Water polo
Hockey family
Main article: Hockey
Bandy
Broomball
Camogie(The women’s variant of hurling)
Field Hockey
Indoor field hockey
Floorball
Hurling (The ball can be handled so Hurling is on the periphery of the ‘hockey family’).
Ice hockey
Ice hockey players Roman Hamrlik and Joffrey Lupul dueling for position
Ringette
Pond hockey
Knotty
Roller hockey
Inline hockey
Road hockey
Roller hockey (Quad)
Shinty
Spongee
Underwater hockey
Hunting
Main article: Hunting
Sometimes considered blood sports.
Beagling
Big game hunting
Deer hunting
Fox hunting
Hare coursing
Wolf hunting
Kite Sports
Kite buggy
Kite fighting
Kite landboarding
Kitesurfing
Parasailing
Snow kiting
Sport kite (Stunt kite)
Mixed discipline
The three components of triathlon: swimming, cycling, running
Biathlon
Duathlon
Decathlon
Heptathlon
Modern pentathlon
Pentathlon
Triathlon
Motorboat racing
Main article: Motorboat racing
Drag boat racing
F1 Powerboat Racing
Hydroplane racing
Jet sprint boat racing
Offshore powerboat racing/gjgg
Motorcycle racing
Main article: Motorcycle racing
Auto Race
Board track racing
Cross-country rally
Endurance racing
Enduro
Grand Prix motorcycle racing
Grass Track
Hill Climb
Ice Racing
Indoor short track
Motocross
Motorcycle drag racing
Motorcycle speedway
Road racing
Superbike racing
Supercross
Supermoto
Supersport racing
Superside
Track racing
TT racing
Free Style Moto
Orienteering family
Geocaching
Orienteering
Rogaining
Paddle sports
Canoeing
Canoeing
Outrigger canoeing
Kayaking
Main article: Kayaking
Creeking
Flyak
Freeboating
Royaking
Sea kayaking
Squirt Boating
Surf Kayaking
Whitewater kayaking
Rafting
Rafting
Rafting
White water rafting
Rowing
Gig racing
Coastal and ocean rowing
Surfboat
Dragon boat racing
Double scull
Quad four
Single scull
Straight four
Polo
Bicycle polo
Elephant polo
Horse polo
Racquet (or racket) sports
Sports where a player use a racquet (or racket) to hit a ball or other objects.
Badminton
Ball badminton
Frontenis
Jai-Alai
Matkot
Padel tennis
Paddle tennis
Paddleball
Pelota mixteca
Pickleball
Pington
Platform tennis
Racquetball
Racquets
Racketlon
Rapid Ball
Real tennis
Soft tennis
Speedball
Speedminton
Squash
Squash tennis
Stick
Table tennis
Tennis
Xare
FOOTBALL
Remote control
Model Aerobatics
RC Racing
Robot combat
Running
200 meters sprint
Main article: Running
Endurance
Cross-country running
Half marathon
Marathon
Ultramarathon
Sprint (race)
Hurdles
Sailing
Windsurfing
Main article: Sailing
Ice yachting
Land sailing
Land windsurfing
Sailing
Windsurfing
Kiteboarding
Land Kiteboarding
Skiing
Main article: Skiing
Alpine skiing
Cross country skiing
Freestyle skiing
Nordic combined
Nordic skiing
Ski jumping
Skijoring
Ski touring
Speed skiing
Telemark skiing
Sled sports
United States Air Force Major Brady Canfield, 2003 U.S. skeleton champion, shows his takeoff form.
Main article: Sledding
Bobsleigh
Luge
Skibobbing
Skeleton
Toboggan
Shooting sports
Main article: Shooting sports
Sports using a firearm.
Clay pigeon shooting
Skeet shooting
Trap shooting
Sporting clays
Target shooting
Field target
Fullbore target rifle
High Power Rifle
Benchrest shooting
Military Service Rifle
Metallic silhouette
Practical shooting
Stacking
Sport stacking
Street Stunts
Free running
Freestyle Football
Parkour
Tricking
Tag games
Kabbadi match in progress
Main article: Tag games
British bulldogs (American Eagle)
Hana Ichi Monme
Hide and seek
Kabaddi
Kho kho
Kick the can
Oztag
Red rover
Tag
Walking
Hiking
Backpacking (wilderness)
Race Walking
Greece - Hungary Water polo match (World Junior Championship 2004 Naples, Italy)
Wall-and-ball
Games involving opponents hitting a ball against a wall/walls using a racket, or other piece of equipment, or merely gloved/barehanded.
Australian handball
Basque pelota
Fives
Gaelic handball
Jorkyball
Racquetball
Rapid ball
Squash
Squash tennis
Wallball
Wallyball
A game of squash
Water sports
Main article: Water sports
Ball Sports
Underwater rugby
Underwater Soccer
Water Polo
Canoe Polo
Michael Phelps swimming breaststroke at the 2008 Missouri Grand Prix.
Competitive swimming
Main article: Competitive swimming
Backstroke
Breaststroke
Butterfly stroke
Freestyle swimming
Individual Medley
Synchronized swimming
Medley relay
Subsurface & recreational
Freediving
Scuba Diving
Snorkelling
Weightlifting
Main articles: Olympic weightlifting and Powerlifting
Clean and jerk
Deadlifting
Benchpress
Snatch
Squat (exercise)
Mind sports
Main article: Mind sports
Requiring little or no physical exertion or agility mind sports are often not considered true sports. Some mind sports are recognised by sporting federations. The following list is intended to represent anything that is likely to be referred to as a mind sport, not to argue their validity as sports.
Card Games
Main articles: Card Games and List of card games
Other
skipping
stunt pogo
stilt walking
fastbol
zorbing
skiball
chain surfing
Speedcubing
Speedcubing
2×2x2
3×3x3
4×4x4
5×5x5
6×6x6
7×7x7
Strategy Board Games
A game of mahjong being played in Hangzhou, China
Chess
Checkers
Chinese Checkers
Diplomacy
Draughts
Go
Go-Moku
Jacquet
Mancala
Mahjong
Reversi (Othello)
Sogo (Score four)
Stratego
Battleship
Connect Four
Miscellanea
Animal sports
Chilean rodeo
beetle fighting
Bull riding
Bull fighting
Dog sports
Camel racing
Charreada
Ferret legging
Float fishing
Hamster racing
Pigeon sport
Thoroughbred racing
Pato
Pole fishing
Polo
Chilean rodeo
Buzkashi
Hunter-jumpers
Combined training
Rattlesnake Round-Up
Dog Racing
Pig racing
Athletics (track and field)
Pole vault
Sprinting
Steeplechase
Cross-Country
Jumping
Triple jump
Long jump
High jump
Pole vault
Throwing
Discus
Hammer throw
Javelin
Atlatl
Shot put
Electronic sports
Sports played using electronic devices.
Combat robot
Radio-control vehicles
Geo caching
Contesting
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The Nurburgring Nordschleife - A Guide for Motorcycle Riders
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NURBURGRING - A BRIEF HISTORY
The original 27-mile long Nurburgring racetrack was completed in 1927 and immediately became famous (some might say infamous) around the world. Over time various changes were made to the circuit but it always remained challenging and very long. However, as the decades past, safety became more and more of an issue for riders and drivers. The lack of run-off areas and bumpy, uneven corners were just two concerns that were raised. Jackie Stewart is famed for calling the circuit “The Green Hell”, a reference to its scenic location and dangerous and demanding nature. Growing concerns finally reached their peak after Niki Lauda’s horrific crash in 1976 when he was severely burned during a Formula 1 race.
This marked the end of Formula 1 races at the old circuit, but the German motorcycle Grand Prix continued to be held there until 1980, when that too was finally withdrawn for safety reasons. Changes needed to be made.
A completely new 3.2-mile long racetrack was constructed and eventually opened in 1984. This new circuit marked the return of Grand Prix racing to the Nurburgring.
The 13-mile long Nurburgring-Nordschleife (North Loop) was formed when the old track was split up. The Nordschleife still occasionally hosts competitive motorsport, such as touring car racing, but top-level events are now reserved for the new circuit. Vehicle manufacturers, including BMW and Porsche, hire the Nordschleife for testing. Motorcycle and car clubs can also hire the circuit. It’s probably most famous for its public access sessions, known as ‘Touristenfahrten’ (Tourist Driving).
THE BASICS
If you want to experience the thrill of riding the Nordschleife yourself, there’s some essential information that will make the whole adventure more enjoyable.
First of all, check the Nordschleife opening times before planning your trip. The last thing you want to do is turn up to find you’ve wasted your time and money. Opening times can be found on the Nurburgring’s own website (www.nuerburgring.de). Times can vary and on some days the circuit is completely closed, so beware.
The Nurburgring is approximately 55 miles south of Cologne (Köln) and 100 miles west of Frankfurt. The nearest large city is Koblenz (about 40 miles away).
The A61, A1 and A48 autobahns all pass within 15 miles or so of the track. Alternatively you may want to take the scenic route. The Nurburgring lies in the heart of the Eifel region, well known for great scenery and fantastic biking roads.
Google Maps, or something similar, is ideal for helping with your route plan. While you’re doing that you can zoom in on the Nurburgring complex and see the layout. Although the Nurburgring is well sign posted and isn’t that difficult to find, the whole complex covers a large area. The whereabouts of the Nordschleife entrance isn’t always obvious.
The location of the entrance is on the L93 road, at the following GPS co-ordinates: 50.34667 N 6.96583 E. You can type these co-ordinates into Google Maps to see exactly where it is, or load them on your own satellite navigation system, if you have one.
There are several free viewing areas at the trackside. One of the more popular is at the Brunnchen bend on the B412 road, GPS location: 50.37028 N 7.00833 E. At Brunnchen there’s a large un-surfaced parking area, but few other comforts.
Another interesting viewing area is at the Breidscheid bend on the B257 road, GPS location: 50.37694 N 6.95028 E. At Breidscheid there’s a bridge that takes the circuit over the B257, the viewing area is next to this bridge (you walk up a flight of stairs to reach the track). Parking is available at a cafe about 100 yards away.
If you need to top up with fuel there are several petrol/gas stations in the local area that also sell a range of Nurburgring souvenirs.
WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU ARRIVE AT THE NORDSCHLEIFE
Parking is to the left-hand side of the Nordschleife main gate entrance. Refreshments are available at the Nordschleife cafe next to the parking area. Souvenirs are also available from a shop opposite the cafe.
The ticket office is to the right-hand side of the main gate. You can purchase laps at anytime during opening hours (prices are shown outside the ticket office). Most staff speak very good English. At the time of writing 1 lap costs 23 Euros. There are reductions if you chose to ride more than 4 laps.
The whole area is about the size of a football pitch. This means that everything can be found easily.
When you’re ready to start your lap, line up in front of the barriers next to the ticket office.
There are 4 lanes, the 2 middle lanes are for motorcycles and have motorcycle symbols painted on the road surface.
Your ticket will be a plastic card (the same size as a credit card). Once you arrive at the barrier machine you place this card against a flat sensor (the sensor has an outline the same shape as your card) the barrier will then rise, and away you go. There are normally staff at the barriers in case anyone has a problem. The card is retained by you and can be loaded with extra laps at anytime.
There is a speed limit of 30 kph (19 mph) for the first 300 metres after the barriers.
There is a similar speed limit on return to the start area after completion of your lap.
Once your lap is completed you will be filtered off the track and back into the start area (even if you have a multi-lap ticket). You must go through the barriers again for each lap you do, but you don’t have to start another lap immediately. If you wish, you can park your bike, relax and take on some refreshments, then start again.
Your plastic, credit card style ticket, can also be loaded with money to pay for food and drinks at the Nordschleife cafe, or any of the other attractions around the Nürburgring complex. You even get to keep the card as a souvenir!
RIDING THE CIRCUIT & SAFETY INFORMATION
The Nürburgring-Nordschleife is a demanding 13-mile long circuit. Officially the track has 73 bends. Some of these bends are ‘blind’ and some have an uneven or bumpy road surface. Enjoy the Nürburgring experience, but please ensure you and your motorcycle come away in one piece.
My advice for first-timers is to think of the circuit as a fast road ride and not a racetrack!
The Nordschleife is classed as a one-way public toll road without speed limits (except on approach to the entrance and exit). Officially vehicles must be 100% road legal and normal German road traffic law applies.
Take your all your vehicle’s documents, your Driving Licence and your Passport. You probably won’t be asked to produce these documents, but it’s a legal requirement to carry them when riding in Germany, even on normal public roads.
You must wear full protective clothing (not necessarily leather). Suitable boots, gloves and jackets designed for motorcycle use will be fine (no jeans, t-shirts or trainers). Wear a crash helmet that has a visor or a crash helmet with goggles.
Your motorcycle must be road worthy and have rear view mirrors on both sides. Also make sure your tyres are in good condition and have plenty of tread left (if you’re a hard rider, and do several 13-mile long laps, you could end up with no rubber for your return journey). Slick tyres are forbidden.
Officially there’s a noise limit of 95 decibels for all vehicles. This can be measured at trackside or by officials making spot checks. Despite this rule, many people ride or drive the circuit with very loud exhaust systems. In my experience it’s highly unlikely you’ll be refused entry for this reason.
The taking of photos or videos while riding the Nürburgring-Nordschleife is now prohibited. Photos and videos can be taken from various viewing areas outside of the track boundaries.
Store the Nürburgring-Nordschleife emergency telephone number on your mobile phone before you start your lap: 0049 8000 302 112
If you see a plain yellow flag being waved by trackside officials this means ‘danger ahead, no overtaking’. Approach and pass the danger zone cautiously and at a speed appropriate to the situation (max. 50 kph / 31 mph).
If you see a yellow flag with vertical red stripes being waved by trackside officials this means ‘oil or other fluids on the track, no overtaking’. Slow down and proceed with caution (max. 50 kph / 31 mph).
Never overtake a safety car when its roof mounted yellow lights are flashing. Follow at a safe distance until the lights are switched off or the safety car leaves the track.
Overtaking on the right is forbidden. Overtake on the left (indicate first to let others know your intensions).
Always be aware that you may encounter much slower moving vehicles (anything from camper vans to tourist coaches use the track).
Check your mirrors for fast moving vehicles approaching from behind, if it’s faster than you, move to the right and let it past (bear in mind that some people are regular ‘ringers’, there’s always likely to be someone faster than you).
Don’t go crazy on your first few laps. It can take many laps for a good rider to learn the circuit; don’t think you’re a bad rider because other people pass you. Ride at your own pace.
Avoid the temptation to explore the limits of your machine. If riding with a pillion passenger allow an extra safety margin. Don’t put pressure on yourself by trying to impress your friends or by timing your lap.
In case of a breakdown stop your motorcycle at a safe place on the grass verge next to the track. Stand behind the safety barrier and call the emergency number for assistance. There’s a charge for removing your vehicle from the track.
In the event of an accident anyone involved, and any witnesses, must stop to offer assistance. Call the Nürburgring-Nordschleife emergency telephone number.
If you’re found to be at fault in an accident, prosecutions and fines may follow. You may also be liable for any costs incurred for track repairs and track closures.
Anyone found not complying with the Nürburgring-Nordschleife rules can be banned from riding on the track.
WARNING
It’s unlikely your Motorcycle Insurance, European Breakdown Insurance and Personnel Travel Insurance will cover you to ride the Nurburbring - Nordschleife. Hire companies are also unlikely to permit the use of their vehicles on the Nordschleife.
REMEMBER: IF YOU CHOOSE TO RIDE THE NÜRBURGRING-NORDSCHLEIFE, YOU DO SO AT YOUR OWN RISK.
Dave Roffe
Dave Roffe is the Director of Middle Rhine Tours Ltd, a company that organises motorcycle tours in and around Germany’s Rhine Valley, he’s also the main tour guide.
The Nurburgring is one of the most popular attractions for bikers who come on our tours. As a professional motorcycle tour guide Dave has built up a significant amount of knowledge about the circuit. While not claiming to be an expert on riding the Nordschleife, he has completed dozens of laps and lived to tell the tale!
If you would like more information about riding in Germany, or the motorbike tours we offer, please follow this link: Motorcycle Tours in Germany - At the Heart of Europe
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The Best Winter Vacation Spots
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When your toes turn purple and your eyelashes sprout icicles, you know it’s time to head south for the winter. The birds do it, so why shouldn’t you? Stop, now, before you break your back from shoveling one more pile of snow, and consider some exotic locales for winter getaways where the only mounds of white you’ll being seeing are of the hot, dry, and sandy variety.
Speaking of white, sandy beaches, a trip to Antigua, or its neighboring island Barbuda may be just what you need in order to restore feeling to your toes. Every water sport lover’s dream, the Caribbean nation boasts of at least 365 beaches surrounded by clear blue waters with an average temperature of 80 degrees. Trade your snow boots for fins, and snorkel through spectacular coral reefs, maybe even catching a glimpse of the wreck of the merchant ship Andes, which has rested on the bottom of Deep Bay since 1905. If you’d rather not get your feet wet, you can enjoy all that the charming capital St. John’s in the northern part of the island of Antigua has to offer. Purchase colorful local artwork while strolling down Market Street or fortify yourself with sweet black pineapple (which isn’t really black) and some local rum. Watch a spectacular sunset over English Harbour on the summit of Shirley Heights while tapping your feet to the rhythms of a steel band. If you would prefer to watch birds instead of people, then head north to the tiny island of Barbuda, which has only a single village of 1100 people but is famed for its frigate birds and huge rookery.
If Antigua’s cricket-playing and English-speaking ways bring up unpleasant memories of Britain’s colonial imperialism, perhaps its time to head to Rio de Janeiro for a little taste of the party-loving legacy of Portuguese imperialism in Brazil, the largest country in South America. Lying on the Bay of Guanabra, the city, which is most well-known for its pre-Lenten festival of wantonness, “Carnaval,” also prides itself on 75 miles of coastline. Do words like Ipanema or Copacabana ring a bell? Yep, they’re both in Rio de Janeiro. Brazilians in the city party hard and pray hard. After dancing all night at a samba club, look into the sky and enjoy the slightly surreal sight a 128 foot, 1,000 ton statue of Christ the Redeemer hovering over the city proudly at the top of Corcovado Peak.
If Rio’s religious version of the Statue of Liberty has you feeling faintly guilty for deserting your home country in the midst of winter, perhaps Perth, Australia will provide the English-speaking taste of home (with an exotic flair) that you need. Kick back and ride the waves in the Western Australia’s isolated capital, nestled between a blue, blue ocean and a dry, sandy desert. Getting there is half the adventure, consisting of a 4000 km car ride from Sydney or a long and winding train ride on the Indian Pacific. Explore the Swan River and the 400-hectare King’s Park in the south, magnificent nineteenth-century buildings constructed using convict labor in the city center, or perhaps travel north to swim with the dolphins at Monkey Mia.
If Perth leaves you feeling a little isolated, perhaps a trip to the modern island city of Singapore, with a population of approximately 4.5 million, will help alleviate your winter doldrums. With not one but four official languages-Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English-the country offers a delightful blend of ethnic influences. Enjoy a bowl of hot noodles followed by your favorite curry. Buy a sari in Little India on a Sunday evening or sip on herbal tea in Chinatown. Or perhaps enjoy the sights on a cable-car ride to Sentosa Island, the sight of a thrilling amusement park.
If Sentosa Island puts you in mind of childhood yearnings for the Magic Kingdom, perhaps a trip to the sub-tropical Sunshine State may be just the cold remedy you are looking for. The Magic Kingdom isn’t the only amusement park in central Florida. Choose from the likes of Universal Studies, Epcot, Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Disney-MGM Studios, Sea World, Busch Gardens, or Cypress Gardens, all within a short drive of each other. Florida is all about the tourist industry, and travelers can find some great winter travel deals if they shop around. Wherever you decide to go this winter, don’t forget to pack sunscreen, a bathing suit, and your favorite book. Warmth and relaxation wait just a few thousand miles away.
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